Important parasitic disease findings were also made

NAMRU 2 conducted for the MOH a randomized

by NAMRU 2 this year.  For the first time throughout

survey of malaria knowledge, attitudes, and practice

the world, resistance to chloroquine by P. malariae

that was essential to targeting the intervention.

was documented as a result of surveillance in South

NAMRU 2's vector surveillance is also contributing

Sumatra.  A follow up surveillance of chloroquine

to the formulation of targeted interventions.  Analytic

resistance in P. falciparium and P. vivax in Nias

tools that support malaria work in Central Java are

Island, north Sumatra, showed little change in thera 

providing local health officers with a broader capa 

peutic failure since the initial survey seven years ago.

bility to do real time collection and analysis of

NAMRU 2 also performed extensive reviews of over

health data.  After an apparent absence of malaria

10 years of P. falciparium and P. vivax resistance to

for 25 years, surveillance done by NAMRU 2 also

chloroquine in Indonesia.  Following up on surveillance

confirmed its re emergence in a coastal tourist area

work done in a prior assignment, Dr. Baird from

within a few miles of the 12 million people living

NAMRU 2's program reported a new species of

in Jakarta.  

malaria (the first new species reported since 1922)

affecting humans in Guyana.  An in vivo clinical trial

NAMRU 2 expanded its DoD GEIS program in

of chloroquine plus sulfadoxine for therapy of

FY 2001 to include influenza surveillance; this

uncomplicated P. falciparium in Purworejo, Central

meant restarting an effort that had lapsed 7 years

Java, demonstrated more than 95% efficacy.  As in

earlier.  Surveillance at three sites (Jakarta, Bandung,

South America, national authorities are using these

and Tangerang) yielded 425 specimens.  Isolates were

data to guide critical policy decisions.  The center 

shared with the Australian CDC for further analysis.

piece of the NAMRU 2 DoD GEIS malaria program

Also during the FY, surveillance for Chikungunya

was the design of an intervention strategy to combat

was conducted and strongly supports the hypothesis

epidemic malaria in Central Java.  To fund this strategy,

that Yogyakarta, Java, Indonesia represents the first

which was adopted by the Indonesian Ministry of

identified locus of endemic Chikungunya transmission.

Health, NAMRU 2 obtained $500,000 from USAID.

Naval Medical Research Unit Number 3 (NAMRU 3)   Cairo, Egypt

The region of activity for NAMRU 3, the largest of

the DoD overseas medical research units, extends

from the Middle East to Eastern Europe, Western

Asia, and North Africa.  Benefiting from the long 

term assignment of a Public Health Service officer

detailed from the CDC, the NAMRU 3 DoD GEIS

program has developed strong ties with regional

public health entities.  

Since 1998 NAMRU 3 has conducted in Egypt,

through a network of 14 infectious disease hospitals,

enhanced surveillance for patients with meningitis,

acute febrile illness, dysentery, and hepatitis.  Using

standard case definitions, NAMRU 3 trained personnel

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