Leske, M.C. & Sperduto, R.D. (1983).  The epidemiology of senile  

 cataracts:  A  review.  American Journal of Epidemiology, 118, 152 165. 

Chiang, Y.P.,  Bassi, L.J., & Javitt, J.C. (1992).  Federal budgetary costs of    

blindness. Milbank Quarterly, 70(2), p. 319 340. 

Data Source:  Prevalence rates of bilateral legal blindness among the U.S. adult 

population age 45 and over are from Tielsch et al. (1990) (see reference below). 

The rate among persons age 44 and under are based on Model Reporting Area 

(MRA) (US dept. of Health, Education & Welfare, 1973) statistics with a 100% 

augmentation, with belief that the MRA statistics underestimate the prevalence 

rate of blindness by as much as 50%. 

Demographics Update (1995a).  Visual impairment, employment, and computer use.  

Part Two of the Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 89 (11). 

Data Source:  Findings from a study conducted by the American Foundation for the 

Blind (1991), "Issues and strategies toward improving employment of blind or 

visually impaired persons in Illinois", applied to national demographic estimates. 

Demographics Update  (1995b).  Alternate estimates of the number of guide dog  

users.   Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 89, 4.

Data Source:  Barnes, B. & Barnes, T. (1994).  A Guide to Guide Dog Schools, (2

nd

ed.). 

Foundation Fighting Blindness . [Online].  Retrieved August 2001, from the World  

Wide Web: http://www.blindness.org. 

Gabrel, S. (2000).  Characteristics of elderly nursing home current residents and  

discharges:  Data from the 1997 National Nursing Home Survey.  Advance Data, 

(No. 312). 

Data Source:  1997 National Nursing Home Survey.  Data collected from 

interviews conducted with facility staff most familiar with the care provided to the 

resident. 

Gallant, J.E.,  Moore, R.D.,  Richman,  D.D., Keruly, J., Chaisson,  R.E., & the  

35