[Borg96] C. L. Borgman. Why are online catalogs still hard to use? Journal of the American Society 

for Information Science. 47. 7. pp 493 503. 1996. 

[BG94] M. Buckland and F. Gey. The relationship between recall and precision. Journal of the 

American Society for Information Science. 45. 1. pp 12 19. 1994. 

[BSA+95] C. Buckley, G. Salton, J. Allan and A. Singhal. Automatic query expansion using SMART: 

TREC 3. Proceedings of the Third Text Retrieval Conference (TREC 3).  D. K. Harman (ed). NIST 

special publication 500 225. pp 69 80. 1995. 

[CCH92] J. P. Callan, W.B Croft and S.M. Harding. The INQUERY retrieval system. Database and 

Expert Systems Applications (DEXA). Valencia. pp 78 83. 1992. 

[Cam95] I. Campbell. Supporting information needs by ostensive definition in an adaptive information 

space. MIRO  95. electronic Workshops in Computing, Springer Verlag. Ian Ruthven (ed). 1995. 

[Cam99] I. Campbell. Interactive evaluation of the Ostensive Model, using a new test collection of 

images with multiple relevance assessments. Journal of Information Retrieval. 2, 1, pp 89 114. 1999. 

[CVR96] I. Campbell and C. J. van Rijsbergen. Ostensive model of information needs. Proceedings of 

the Second International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science: Integration in 

Perspective (CoLIS 2). Copenhagen. pp 251 268. 1996. 

[CCR71] Y. K. Chang, C. Cirillo and J. Razon. Evaluation of feedback retrieval using modified 

freezing, residual collection & test and control groups. The SMART retrieval system   experiments in 

automatic document processing. G. Salton (ed). Chapter 17. pp 355 370. 1971. 

[CLVR98] F. Crestani, M. Lalmas and C. J. van Rijsbergen. Information retrieval: uncertainty and 

logics   Advanced models for the representation and retrieval of information. Kluwer Academic 

Publishers. 1998. 

[CPB+96] C. Cool, S. Park, N. J. Belkin, J. Koenemann, & K.B. Ng. Information seeking behavior in 

new searching environment. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Conceptions of 

Library and Information Science: Integration in Perspective (CoLIS 2). Copenhagen. pp 403 416. 1996.  

[CRS+95] F. Crestani, I. Ruthven, M. Sanderson and C. J. van Rijsbergen. The troubles with using a 

logical model of IR on a large collection of documents. Proceedings of the Fourth Text Retrieval 

Conference (TREC 4). NIST special publication 500 236. D. K. Harman (ed). pp 509 525. 1995. 

[CH79] W. Croft and D. Harper. Using probabilistic models of information retrieval without relevance 

information. Journal of Documentation. 35. 4. pp 285 295. 1979. 

[DMB98] S. Dennis, R. McArthur and P. Bruza. Searching the WWW made easy? The Cognitive Load 

imposed by Query Refinement Mechanisms. Proceedings of the Third Australian Document Computing 

Symposium. 1998. 

[DBM97] N. Denos and C. Berrut and M. Mechkour. An Image Retrieval System based on the 

Visualization of System Relevance via Documents. Database and Expert Systems Applications 

(DEXA). Toulouse. pp 214 224. 1997. 

[Dun97] M. D. Dunlop. The effect of accessing non matching documents on relevance feedback. ACM 

Transactions on Information Systems. 15. 2. pp 137 153. 1997. 

[Dra00] S. Draper. Personal communication. 

[Efth93] E. N. Efthimiadis. A user centred evaluation of ranking algorithms for interactive query 

expansion. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research 

and Development in Information Retrieval. pp 146 159. Pittsburgh. 1993. 

[Efth95] E. N. Efthimiadis. User choices: a new yardstick for the evaluation of ranking algorithms for 

interactive query expansion. Information processing and management. 31. 4. pp 605 620. 1995. 

 47