3.  Conservation Area Management ......................................................................................... 53 

3.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 53 

3.2 The Role of Conservation in Indonesia's Development ................................................... 53 

3.3 Indonesia s Conservation Area System and Management Issues ................................... 55 

3.4 Lessons Learned: The National Park Management Planning Process ............................ 58 

3.4.1 Management Planning Guidelines............................................................................. 58 

3.4.2 Bunaken National Park ............................................................................................. 60 

3.4.3  Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park ....................................................................... 69 

3.5 Lessons Learned: Park Management and Regional Development Planning.................... 76 

3.6  Lessons Learned:  Financing Effective Conservation Management................................ 78 

3.7 Lessons Learned: Institutional Reform for Conservation Management............................ 80 

3.8 Summary of Lessons Learned from Conservation Area Management............................. 81 

4.  Institutional Strengthening and Innovation ........................................................................... 83 

4.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 83 

4.2 Existing Institutional Setting and Issues........................................................................... 84 

4.3 Lessons Learned:  Institutional Strengthening ................................................................. 86 

4.3.1 Decision making and Data Collection Requirements................................................. 86 

4.3.2 Policy Information Requirements............................................................................... 88 

4.3.3 Applied Research Requirements............................................................................... 89 

4.3.4 Improving Capacities and Training Assessments ...................................................... 91 

4.4 Lessons Learned: Institutional Innovations...................................................................... 96 

4.4.1 Government Institutions ............................................................................................ 96 

4.4.2 Quasi Government Institutions.................................................................................. 97 

4.4.3 Non Governmental Organizations ............................................................................. 99 

4.4.4 Professional Institutions .......................................................................................... 101 

4.5 Summary of Lessons Learned for Institutional Strengthening and Innovation................ 102 

5. Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 103 

5.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 103 

5.2 Enabling Policies for Sustainable Resources Management ........................................... 103 

5.3 Sustainable Natural Forest Management ...................................................................... 106 

5.4 Conservation Area Management................................................................................... 108 

5.5 Institutional Strengthening and Innovation..................................................................... 111 

5.6 Summary of Lessons Learned from Natural Resources Management........................... 112 

References Cited.................................................................................................................... 119 

ANNEX A: Accessing the NRMP Database ............................................................................ 127 

ANNEX B: List of NRMP Reports (1991 1997) ....................................................................... 129 

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