Chapter Three:  Conservation Area Management: Chapter Three focuses on NRMP field site 

experiences at Bunaken National Park in North Sulawesi and Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National 

Park within West and Central Kalimantan. With regard to undertaking national park 

management planning, emphasis in this chapter is on the need for more accurate identification 

of stakeholders, more effective local community consultative processes for planning and 

implementation, and enabling more positive impacts on biodiversity conservation goals.  

Lessons learned for conservation area management focus on i) national park management 

planning constraints, ii) park management and regional development planning, iii) financing 

effective conservation management, and iv) institutional reform for conservation management. 

Chapter Four:  Institutional Strengthening and Innovation: Chapter Four reviews institutional 

strengthening and the importance of linking institutional capacity to management objectives.  

One of the consistent constraints identified in many projects in Indonesia is that of inadequate 

human resources capacities and weaknesses of the institutions within which they operate.  

Institutional and human resources development for sustainable resources management 

initiatives are discussed as lessons learned.  In particular, lessons learned during the provision 

of alternative international training options contributed significantly to increasing the ability of 

counterparts to implement management innovations.  New institutional initiatives to support 

policy innovations and the professional development of young policy analysts are described. 

Chapter Five: Conclusions and Recommendations: Chapter Five summarizes the main lessons 

learned from the previous four chapters, and reviews the unfinished tasks and conclusions for 

natural resources management in Indonesia.  The chapter draws together the critical issues 

raised throughout this volume into a set of recommendations.  Most importantly, these refer to 

process oriented changes and not to direct interventions at the field level. One issue is the need 

to link industrialization with natural resources management, in terms of increasing the value of 

resources within the country s economy rather than continually increasing extraction and export 

of raw, unprocessed resources.  Mechanisms that encourage multi stakeholder processes are 

essential as a means to provide more effective local involvement in natural resources 

management.  Such processes will require greater decentralization of authority and increased 

power sharing.  The chapter concludes that fundamental economic reforms for deregulation and 

decentralization could provide a "win win scenario" for sustainable natural resources 

management in Indonesia. 

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