or 8.5 percent of the country's land area, and about 4.5 million hectares of marine area have 

already been established for conservation.  Table 3.2 presents the conservation area system by 

protected area status as of 1996/1997, and is limited to parks and reserves.  A further 7 percent 

(approximately 3 million hectares) has been proposed as terrestrial protected areas.  Thirty 

million hectares of marine conservation areas have also been proposed for gazetting before the 

year 2000.  This expansion aims to incorporate conservation areas in each major habitat type 

within the seven bio geographical zones represented in Indonesia.  Protection Forest (Hutan 

Lindung), an official MoFr forest land category, is often included within the conservation system 

but is not included here.  Large areas of protection forests (Hutan Lindung) have been 

designated, with areas reported to be between 9.5 and 15 percent of the country's total land 

area, but their durability is questionable. 

Table 3.2  Structure and Extent of Indonesia's Protected Areas 

System 

Classification  

       Total Number    

Area (%) 

Area (hectares

) 

1.   Terrestrial Areas   

1.1  National Parks 

    30 

  61 10,397,420 

1.2  Strict Nature Reserves 

  172 

  13 2,210,247 

1.3  Nature Recreation Parks 

    76 

    2 285,647 

1.4  Wildlife Reserves 

    45 

  21 3,576,928 

1.5  Grand Forest Parks   

    11 

    1 237,373 

1.6  Hunting Parks 

    13 

    1 234,392 

       Subtotal 

347 

  100 

16,942,007 

2.   Marine Areas 

2.1  National Parks 

      6 

  81 3,682,955 

2.2  Strict Nature Reserves 

      5 

    4 194,850 

2.3  Nature Recreation Parks 

    13 

  13 597,582 

2.4  Wildlife Reserves 

      3 

    1 65,220 

       Subtotal   

    27 

100 4,540,607 

3.    Combined Totals 

3.1  National Parks 

    36 

  66 14,080,375 

3.2  Strict Nature Reserves 

  177 

  11 2,405,097 

3.3  Nature Recreation Parks 

    89 

    4 883,229 

3.4  Wildlife Reserves 

    48 

  17 3,642,148 

3.5  Grand Forest Parks   

    11 

    1 237,373 

3.6  Hunting Parks 

    13 

    1 234,392 

       Grand Total 

  374 

100 21,482,614 

Source:  PHPA, Statistik Kehutanan.  Bidang Perlindungan Hutan dan Pelestarian Alam, Tahun 1996/97

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