APPENDIX 1. TANZANIA COUNTRY REPORT

1.1.

CURRENT TARGETING SYSTEMS

1.1.a.

Food aid in Tanzania (background)

As a quick background to country specific targeting issues, Figure 3 shows the quantities of WFP food

aid received by Tanzania over the past ten years for use in development, emergency, and refugee /

displaced programs. Assuming that WFP's priorities broadly reflect a government / donor consensus

on the type of

assistance needed,

this graph shows that

little food has been

 Figure 3:  Tanzania ~ WFP food aid by purpose

used for

development

90,000

programs, and

negligible amounts

80,000

for refugee and

Refugee/IDP

displaced assistance:

t

h

70,000

emergency food

o

Em ergency

u

needs, however, are

s

60,000

periodic and highly

a

Developm ent

n

variable.   In contrast

d

50,000

to its neighbors (see

m

Figures 5 and 7), this

e

t

40,000

profile reflects a

r

country normally self 

i

c

30,000

sufficient in food

t

production and rarely

o

20,000

troubled by major

n

s

conflict related relief

10,000

needs, but

vulnerable to the

0

impacts of climatic

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

fluctuations because

of poverty, poorly

source:    http://www.wfp.org/reports/wfpstats

functioning markets,

and severely

inadequate infrastructure (particularly roads between surplus and deficit areas). This profile of food 

aid use is reflected in the policies and institutions involved in targeting decisions.

1.1.b.

Policy context

Tanzania is the only one of the three EAC countries which has a specific policy document on disaster

management   the Disaster Relief Co ordination Act of 1990 and the accompanying Regulations of

1991 [refs 36 and 37].   However, the purpose of these documents is limited to  establish[ing]   a

system for the anticipation, co ordination and control of disastrous situations and the organization of

relief from disaster  [title of the Act].  Accordingly, the Act sets up the Tanzania Disaster Relief

Committee (TANDREC) with the Disaster Relief Co ordination Department in the Prime Minister's

Office as its  executive organ  (see section 1.1.c), while the Regulations fill in some procedural details

and establish District Disaster Prevention Committees.  No specific guidance is given on the use or

targeting of food aid (or on any other particular type of relief or disaster).

De facto

 government policy on food aid targeting, however,  appears to have been cumulatively

established by directives and (apparently unwritten) guidelines from the PMO through the channels of

government structures down to the village level.   The study team found a very consistent beneficiary 

A 1