to which targeting is CONTROLLED (i.e. determined administratively or through other means) or
left UNCONTROLLED (i.e., self targeting )
Administrative targeting
means that someone must
select the beneficiaries of a program, ideally using some type of objective criterion. For financial
and administrative cost reasons, self targeting approaches will be less costly than controlled
approaches. Markets can be used in either controlled or self targeting programs. Recent research
from East and Southern Africa points out that "market reforms have already helped to reduce and
stabilize consumer prices in the region through the development of informal marketing channels for
low cost commodities such as yellow maize and whole maize meal" (Jayne and Jones, 1997, p.
1521) Market based approaches which do not involve subsidies are generally preferred over those
which involve subsidies. Other more costly market based approaches releasing food into the
market to bring down prices and subsidizing prices for certain commodities
. Non market related
self targeting
usually involves using low preference foodstuffs or food for work or cash for work
programs to encourage the participation of the most needy.
Demographic targeting means selecting beneficiaries according to group characteristics such as
pregnant and lactating women, malnourished children, female headed households, etc.
Demographic targeting is often based on either assumptions about WHO requires targeted
assistance, such as in the case of children under the age of five as well as pregnant and lactating
mothers. Demographic targeting can also be appropriate when explicit information about the
needs of specific vulnerable groups is known. It can also be used in conjunction with geographic
targeting when information about high risk areas is available.
A 72
<
New Page 1
Web Hosting Shopping Cart